Name of ethnic group: Ra Glai (Ra Glay, Krai, Orang Glai, No-Ana, and La Vang). Population: 96,931 people (Year 1999). Locality: Mainly in the southern regions of Khanh Hoa and Ninh Thuan provinces.  

Name of ethnic group: Pu Peo (Ka Beo, Penti, and Lo Lo). Population: 705 people (Year 1999). Locality: Concentrated along the Sino-Vietnamese border in Dong Van, Yen Minh, and Meo Vac districts of Ha Giang Province.  

Name of ethnic group: Phu La (Xa Pho, Bo Kho Pa, Mu Di Pa, Pho, Va Xo and La Dun Dang). Population: 9,046 people (Year 1999). Locality: Lai Chau, Son La, Lao Cai, and Ha Giang provinces. The largest settlements are in Lao Cai Province.  

Name of ethnic group: Pa Then (Pa Hung and Tong). Population: 5,569 people (Year 1999). Locality: Concentrated in communes of Ha Giang and Tuyen Quang provinces.

Name of ethnic group: O Du (Tay Hat). Population: 301 people (Year 1999). Locality: The O Du live in the villages of Kim Hoa and Xop Pot in Kim Da Commune, and the rest live in nearby villages in Tuong Duong District, Nghe An Province.  

Name of ethnic group: Nung (Xuong, Giang, Nung An, Nung Coi, Phan Sinh, Nung Chao, Nung Inh, Qui Rin, Nung Din, and Khen Lai). Population: 856,412 people (Year 1999). Locality: Lang Son, Cao Bang, Bac Thai, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh and Tuyen Quang provinces.  

Name of ethnic group: Ngai (Ngai Hac Ca, Lau Man, He, Sin, Dan, and Le). Population: 4,841 people (Year 1999). Locality: Quang Ninh, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh Lang Son, Cao Bang, Bac Kan and Thai Nguyen provinces.

Name of ethnic group: Muong (Moi, Mual, Moi, Moi Bi, Au Ta and Ao Ta). Population: More than 1,137,515 people (Year 1999). Locality: The largest population is concentrated in Hoa Binh Province and the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa Province.

Name of ethnic group: M'Nong (Bru Dang, Preh, Ger, Nong, Prang, PJam, Kuyenh, Chil Bu Nor, and M'Nong Bu Dang). Population: 92,451 people (Year 1999). Locality: Concentrated in the southern parts of Dak Lak and Dak Nong provinces, and parts of Lam Dong and Binh Phuoc provinces.  

Name of ethnic group: Mong (H'Mong): (Mong Do, White Mong, Mong Lenh (Variety Mong), Mong Si (Red Mong), Mong Du (Black Mong) and Mong Sua (Man Mong). Population: 787,604 people (Year 1999). Locality: The Mong are concentrated in Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Lai Chau, Son La, Cao Bang and Nghe An provinces.